The forest is a complex ecosystem consisting mainly of trees that shield the earth and support innumerable life forms. A forest is an area, which has a very high density of trees. Trees are an important component of the environment. They clean the air, cool it on hot days, conserve heat at night, and act as excellent sound absorbers. Forests create a special environment, which, in turn, affects the kinds of animals and plants that can exist. Forests can develop wherever there is an average temperature greater than about 10° C in the warmest month and an annual rainfall in excess of about 200 mm annually, except where natural fire frequency is too high, or where the environment has been impaired by natural processes or by human activities. In any area having conditions above this range there exists an infinite variety of tree species grouped into a number of stable forest types that are determined by the specific conditions of the environment there.
Forests can be broadly classified into many types, some of the several types of forest are the Taiga type (consisting of pines, spruce, etc.) the mixed temperate forests with both coniferous and deciduous trees, the temperate forests, the sub tropical forests, the tropical forests, and the equatorial rainforests. The six major groups of forest in India are moist tropical, dry tropical, montane sub tropical, montane temperate, sub alpine, and alpine. These are subdivided into 16 major types of forests.
The scientific study of the different forest species and their relation with the environment is called forest ecology, while the managing of forests is known as forestry. Globally only two types of forests can be identified. One of them is the Natural forests, which contain only the original patterns of biodiversity. The native species occurring in established seral patterns. These formations and processes have not been impacted by humans with a frequency or intensity to change established seral patterns, and anthropogenic forests, which have been impacted by humans with a frequency or intensity to change established seral patterns. Often, they contain elements of exotic species.
Climate, soil type, topography, and elevation are the main factors that determine the type of forest. India has a diverse range of forests: from the rainforest of Kerala in the south to the alpine pastures of Ladakh in the north, from the deserts of Rajasthan in the west to the evergreen forests in the northeast. Forests are classified according to their nature and composition, the type of climate in which they thrive, and its relationship with the surrounding environment.
Forests can be classified in other different ways and to different degrees of specificity. One such way is in terms of the "biome" in which they exist combined with leaf longevity of the dominant species (whether they are evergreen or deciduous). Another distinction is whether the forests composed predominantly of coniferous (needle-leaved) trees, broadleaf trees, or mixed. There is no universally accepted or set principle to classify forests. The types of forest found in India are:
Rainforests in India
Rainforests are those forests which are characterised by high rainfall between 1750mm and 2000mm and belong to the tropical wet climate group. The temperature here rarely gets higher than 34 degrees Celsius or drops below 20 degrees Celsius; average humidity is between 77 and 88%; rainfall is often more than 100 inches a year. There is usually a brief season of less rain. Almost all rain forests lie near the equator.
Rainforests are home to two-thirds of all the living animal and plant species on the planet. It has been estimated that many hundreds of millions of new species of plants, insects and microorganisms are still undiscovered. Despite the growth of vegetation in a rainforest, the actual quality of the soil is often quite poor. Rapid bacterial decay prevents the accumulation of humus. The undergrowth in a rainforest is restricted in many areas by the lack of sunlight at ground level. This makes it possible for people and other animals to walk through the forest. Rainforests may also play a role in cooling air that passes through them. As such, rainforests are of vital importance within the global climate system. It supports a very broad array of fauna including mammals, birds, reptiles like snakes, turtles, chameleons and others of the family. More than half of the world's species of plants and animals are found in the rainforest. Insects, including brightly colored butterflies, mosquitoes, camouflaged stick insects, and huge colonies of ants make up the largest group of the rainforests.
Forests can be broadly classified into many types, some of the several types of forest are the Taiga type (consisting of pines, spruce, etc.) the mixed temperate forests with both coniferous and deciduous trees, the temperate forests, the sub tropical forests, the tropical forests, and the equatorial rainforests. The six major groups of forest in India are moist tropical, dry tropical, montane sub tropical, montane temperate, sub alpine, and alpine. These are subdivided into 16 major types of forests.
The scientific study of the different forest species and their relation with the environment is called forest ecology, while the managing of forests is known as forestry. Globally only two types of forests can be identified. One of them is the Natural forests, which contain only the original patterns of biodiversity. The native species occurring in established seral patterns. These formations and processes have not been impacted by humans with a frequency or intensity to change established seral patterns, and anthropogenic forests, which have been impacted by humans with a frequency or intensity to change established seral patterns. Often, they contain elements of exotic species.
Climate, soil type, topography, and elevation are the main factors that determine the type of forest. India has a diverse range of forests: from the rainforest of Kerala in the south to the alpine pastures of Ladakh in the north, from the deserts of Rajasthan in the west to the evergreen forests in the northeast. Forests are classified according to their nature and composition, the type of climate in which they thrive, and its relationship with the surrounding environment.
Forests can be classified in other different ways and to different degrees of specificity. One such way is in terms of the "biome" in which they exist combined with leaf longevity of the dominant species (whether they are evergreen or deciduous). Another distinction is whether the forests composed predominantly of coniferous (needle-leaved) trees, broadleaf trees, or mixed. There is no universally accepted or set principle to classify forests. The types of forest found in India are:
Rainforests in India
Rainforests are those forests which are characterised by high rainfall between 1750mm and 2000mm and belong to the tropical wet climate group. The temperature here rarely gets higher than 34 degrees Celsius or drops below 20 degrees Celsius; average humidity is between 77 and 88%; rainfall is often more than 100 inches a year. There is usually a brief season of less rain. Almost all rain forests lie near the equator.
Rainforests are home to two-thirds of all the living animal and plant species on the planet. It has been estimated that many hundreds of millions of new species of plants, insects and microorganisms are still undiscovered. Despite the growth of vegetation in a rainforest, the actual quality of the soil is often quite poor. Rapid bacterial decay prevents the accumulation of humus. The undergrowth in a rainforest is restricted in many areas by the lack of sunlight at ground level. This makes it possible for people and other animals to walk through the forest. Rainforests may also play a role in cooling air that passes through them. As such, rainforests are of vital importance within the global climate system. It supports a very broad array of fauna including mammals, birds, reptiles like snakes, turtles, chameleons and others of the family. More than half of the world's species of plants and animals are found in the rainforest. Insects, including brightly colored butterflies, mosquitoes, camouflaged stick insects, and huge colonies of ants make up the largest group of the rainforests.
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